Campus Engagement 2

For my second campus engagement I went to the Equal Pay forum put on by our classmates Nena and Nicole. There were four panelists; Janet Elinoff, Curtis Hierro, Maria Roman, and Anne Schiavi and the moderator was our very own Meredith Tweed. The idea of equal pay has always been something that I've heard about and something that I knew was still present, I guess I just never understood the full extent to which it still effects us. "When The WAGE Project looked exclusively at full-time workers, they estimated that women with a high school diploma lose as much as $700,000 over a lifetime of work, women with a college degree lose $1.2 million and professional school graduates may lose up to $2 million" (Now).

It seems like lately women are the brunt of a lot of jokes when it comes to demanding not only equal pay, but equality in general. Sometimes the jokes aren't even coming from the most obvious suspects. Hilary Rosen was recently quoted on CNN's AC360 saying that Mitt Romney's wife has no right talking about women's economic struggles when she "had never worked a day in her life" (Huffington Post). This is an extremely problematic statement because she has raised five children, but to many this is not considered a job. Women frequently face the problem of what is called the "second shift" where they leave their daytime jobs to go home and continue working to take care of a family. Women are frequently unaccounted for when it comes to unpaid labor. This was frequently brought up during the panel discussion with Nena and Nicole's moms when they talked about raising their children as single or divorced parents. They spoke about how they frequently had to give up any personal time they had when they were not at work for themselvesso that they could dedicated their time to their children, and the feelings of guilt they had for maybe not giving enough time. "Women's earnings were 77.4 percent of men's in 2010, compared to 77.0 percent in 2009" (Pay Equity). There is a gradual increase in pay for women, but still not enough to raise a family or live comfortably.

Personally, I feel like I have not been affected by this pay gap because I work in the hospitality industry. Frequently women make more than men when it comes to tip wages, for obviously problematic reasons. I do however, feel like I have experienced discrimination in the workplace for being a woman. One of my previous employers was accused of sexual harassment by many members of our team, but instead of being fired he was transferred to another store. It is important to understand that this issue is very much present, and on April 17, or Equal Pay Day, I made sure to spread the word.

Word Count: 456

Works Cited

Minh-Ha, Trihn. Woman, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism. Bloomington [u.a.: Indiana Univ., 1989. Print.

"National Committee on Pay Equity NCPE." National Committee on Pay Equity NCPE. 19 Apr. 2012. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. .

Rosen, Hilary. "Ann Romney and Working Moms." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 04 Dec. 2012. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. .

"Women Deserve Equal Pay." National Organization for Women (NOW). Web. 19 Apr. 2012. .

Girls Like Us

"Many of these men wouldn't dream of sexually abusing the girl next door but when it comes to a "prostitute," even a "teen prostitute," they figure it doesn't really matter. She's already out there. She kinda wants it anyway. She is working her way through college. She needs to feed her kids. I'm actually helping her." (Lloyd, 97)

Sex traffickers frequently target children from the ages of 12 to 18. Young kids are more desirable because they will stay youthful longer, and older women/men may not be as appealing to Johns. Traffickers do not usually go any younger than 11 because this would put them at risk for being caught by the police. The real misconception when it comes to children and sex work is that these children are the same as prostitutes. The term prostitute implies that there is a choice, and that these children are "criminals or sexual deviants or at best victims of their environment: desperate for survival, the kids “choose” to sell their bodies for profit." (Not For Sale) This false identity placed on trafficked children leads the public to believe that they "did this to themselves" or "don't deserve our sympathy."

Typically according to the sex trafficker stereotypes and the Not For Sale website, girls that are trafficked most likely come from poor communities. They are often from broken homes that have drug addicted parents, or they bounce between different foster homes. These girls can be taken from their homes and forced into the sex industry, but not only that they can be forced into hard labor or slavery as well. These girls are most likely not reported as missing because they may get lost in the system, or the neighborhood they come from does not have leverage enough to get attention from the police.

My confusion with this quote is at what point does a child stop being a child? At what point does someone turn their back on a child because they feel like they are a sexual deviant, or that they were "asking for it." In a global perspective I believe that we all have a distorted view of human trafficking and there are many countries that place the blame on children. I think it is really important to understand who the criminals are. Not the children forced to work, but the men, women, traffickers, Johns, or Pimps responsible for their captivity.

Word Count: 342

Lloyd, Rachel. Girls like Us: Fighting for a World Where Girls Are Not for Sale, an Activist Finds Her Calling and Heals Herself. New York: HarperCollins, 2011. Print.

"Slavery Not For Sale: End Human Trafficking and Slavery." Slavery Not For Sale: End Human Trafficking and Slavery. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. .

Service Learning Blog 2

These past two weeks have been a really great change in the dynamic of the Service Learning project. Last week I spent both Tuesday and Thursday out in front of the Student Union tabling for YAYA and asking for donations. It felt very empowering to see how many people were willing to donate with what little knowledge they may have had about YAYA or our project. It is great to see that people want to help, they just need the information brought to them so they know to do so. With the work from tabling and the hard work the other class members put in, I believe we did an amazing job reaching our fundraising goal. To see how happy Abi was when she counted up the money was great, and she is just one member of YAYA. I wish that I could have been there to see the reaction from all the other members and the farm workers themselves.

Other than the money we have already raised, it is still necessary that we start raising money for the shirts that we would like to give to YAYA to distribute to the farm worker community. I think that we should continue to ask for donations outside the Union, but we also need to come up with some more creative ideas to get donations as well. I believe we all really care about doing a good job and giving what we promised to the community, and I think that is a huge motivator.

One concern that I do have, however, is the time constraints we are under. We have just been assigned a new project on Human Trafficking and this is a subject I know we are all extremely passionate about. I don't want our service learning project to have to take a back burner because of the new project. They are both equally good projects, and I want to make sure we spend equal amounts of time working on both. With that being said, meeting times will still continue to be a struggle with finals week looming upon us, but we are a great class and I believe we can pull through.

I believe that through this project I am learning a lot about working as a team. I think we often criticize NGO's thinking that things could be done better. I think this gives us all a good idea of the types of struggles certain organizations face when trying to do their own service projects.

Word Count: 416

Service Learning Blog

As far as my activism goes for this week I have spent a lot of time at meetings. We met after class on Thursday to discuss how much one on one time we have with our community partners and to discuss the upcoming event. Afterwards I had a brief meeting with the fundraising committee to decide on some things to do to raise money. Knowing that raising money for rakes, shovels, and shirts is a lot to take on we decided to focus this upcoming week on rakes and shovels and then dedicate our time after the event on the shirts. I think that we were very successful this meeting on having open communication, but unfortunately I think that we fall short on everyone as a group meeting up together. Everyone has very busy schedules, me included, and I can see that as a main concern for now. I now understand how it may be hard for activists and their different events they put on to raise awareness. Everyone runs on such different time that scheduling is probably a huge concern for many women's organizations.

Before this class I knew very little about the Farm Worker population and that is where I think that this project works best with activism. I think that the whole point is to bring awareness to certain issues and by pointing out the difficulties the Farm Worker population faces I have learned a lot and I have been able to educate others a lot as well. I think it is interesting when Ann Russo talks about white feminists and how we don't consider racism our issue (Russo, 299). I think that it is important to put aside issues of race and culture to join together in an equal relationship as women. We must first unite under common struggles and goals and then once that is done then we can begin to address those issues together.

I think that this project relates to Global Feminism because no matter where we come from and what we do, as women we can all relate to the same struggles. The whole point to feminism and to activism is to concentrate on a goal and achieve that goal no matter the differences we may have. I think that I am and will continue to understand a different community which I did not know about before and grow because of it.

Mohanty, Chandra Talpade, Ann Russo, and Lourdes Torres. Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1991. Print.

Word Count: 400

New Service Learning Proposal

Mission Statement: To fight for agricultural justice and women’s rights in the farmworker community through fundraising and volunteering with YAYA and communication and cooperation with our forthcoming global partner.

Organizational Structure:

Secretary: maintains records (including attendance) and Google group

Scheduler: maintains calendar and plans event attendance.

Task-based committees (headed by a Committee Chairperson who acts as liaison for the committee and ensures meeting efficiency)

Task-based committees (headed by a Committee Chairperson who acts as liaison for the committee and ensures meeting efficiency)

Community partner liaisons (2): communicate with community partners and attend YAYA meetings

Global partner liaisons (2): work with fundraising committee

Ethics Committee (3): ensures mindful action, implements “three strike” policy

Three Strike Policy:

• Failure to complete a task or attend a designated event results in one strike

• First and second strikes result in voting restrictions

• Three strikes results in a meeting with the ethics committee and Professor Tweed Fundraising Organizers (4): responsible for coordinating an event and/or delegating responsibilities to other members to ensure that we are able to provide at least $190 (for food), 19 rakes and 19 shovels to the YAYA community garden project.

Members are accountable for their own attendance and participation. If a member is unable to attend an event, she or he must notify the scheduler. The Ethics Committee and “three strike” policy were conceived to deal with situations where a member fails to meet these standards. Democratically structured, our group focuses on working with our community. We have modeled our organizational strategy based on NGOs who use task-based committees to foster efficient goal achievement. Women, Food, and Agriculture Network (WFAN)-- as discussed in Women’s Activism and Globalization-- employ a similar structure, fostering personal responsibility in order to “instigate change” by building community and sustaining relationships with farmworkers (144). Our ethics committee is cognate to the UN, in that it will monitor the efficacy and ethical compliance of our project. Just as in “Unlikely Godmother,” Margaret Snyder characterizes the United Nations as a “godmother,” which acted as a guardian and advocate for women’s issues (25). We are facing the global challenge of migrant farmworker rights based on local realities, specifically the lack of resources to farmworkers in the community of Fellsmere, FL. We will be participating in discussion that takes place on a global level with our global partner. By building solidarity between our local and global partners, and ourselves, we will either discover or develop new ideas to cater to the needs of the farmworker population.

Every member is accountable for his or her own attendance and participation. If a member is unable to attend an event, they must notify the scheduler. The Ethics Committee and “three strike” policy were conceived to deal with situations in which a member fails to be accountable for themselves.

Group effectiveness will be measured by involvement of the majority of class members at each event, as well as our ability to fulfill each of the goals we have set. We are also considering the individual gains of each class member, outside of the group as a whole, to be an accomplishment of overall group effectiveness. This includes phone banking with YAYA, fundraising, and planning. We will also strive to maintain sincere communication and ethical interactions with each other and our community partners. We will assess ourselves via individual surveys on group effectiveness.

Community Partner/Global Theme Profile:

We propose to address the larger systemic issues of the treatment of farmworkers, with an emphasis on women farmworkers. We know that "women produce 70% of the food on earth but they are marginalized and oppressed by neoliberalism and patriarchy" (What Is 1). These systems of oppression often deny those who produce the food equal access to the products they produce. As the price of food increases and becomes scarcer, women become malnourished, "as they eat last after providing for their children and family members" (Desai 21). One possible way of addressing this issue is to "produce food for local consumption" (Desai 24). To lay a foundation for both environmental and production sustainability, it is key that the community eats the food it grows. Local production and consumption can also indirectly address situations of "unsustainable exploitation of workers," who are denied not only equal access to food, but also other resources, such as safe housing and acceptable working conditions (Two Years 1). By establishing themselves as producers of their own food and giving recognition to both the unpaid and poorly paid labor, farmworkers can pave the way for change in regard to equal access and fair treatment.

We have not yet been able to contact a global partner. However, when we do, we will be able to find out more about their needs and goals as they relate to our own and therefore participate in both shared learning and activism.

By working in solidarity with YAYA, we are supporting activism enacted “to change the oppressive social, political and economic conditions of farmworkers” (“About”). Human rights violations such as those our local farmworkers face are worldwide issues and are experienced in many forms across many communities. While YAYA is “[i]nspired by the principles of nonviolence of the farmworker movement,” we are inspired by the efforts of YAYA and the organization’s slant towards working with, not simply for farmworker communities (“About”). As we work with each other and with YAYA, we will cultivate ethical activism through focusing on our communicative and social interactions.

I personally believe that this should be effective as a service-learning project not only because it will contribute to our community and the communities around us, but it will also bring light to a group of people that may not have been acknowledged before. As Trinh Minh-ha discusses in chapter II of “Woman, Native, Other” we, as anthropologists, attempt to understand, classify, and change a community of people that we do not fully understand. “Omnipresent even in his absence being, he has invaded homes of the wise and left his rottenness in every piece of land he sets foot on.” (Minh-ha, 49) By doing this project we will not bring knowledge to them and try to change their ways, but instead try to change our ways and attitudes towards them. If, after our project, they learn something for us then the most will be accomplished, but bringing knowledge to our community is a main personal goal of mine. Hopefully by bringing out communities together and working as a whole we can better something in the process.

3. The Project Proposal:

Our intention for this project is to forge relationships with farmworker communities on a local to global level, with a focus on women and how their lives are impacted by the work they do. We will accomplish our goals by dividing them up between the various aforementioned committees. We will begin developing a relationship with our local community partner, YAYA, by attending meetings and fulfilling their requested needs for gardening tools and long sleeve shirts. We will also be participating in the Fellsmere Community Garden Event, where we will be gardening and sharing and preparing a meal, while also learning from one another. We will determine the needs of our global partners through email and meet whatever need(s) that they express at that time.

We will complete our service-learning project via our combined resources as individuals, the resources we have available as UCF students, and the resources of our Orlando community. Through the expertise of YAYA and FWAF, we will be able to better understand the ways in which we can use our resources to best serve the needs of the farmworker community. We will be communicating as a group in order to continuously reevaluate our initial methodology, resources, and group organizational structure, in order to best serve our goals.

One of our immediate goals in supporting YAYA and FWAF in the Fellsmere community gardening day is to fundraise one shovel and one rake per student. Another goal is to fundraise the cost per person for our visit, which includes meals and transportation. These goals are feasible because we have access to different types of resources that will help our fundraising efforts, such as on-campus technology to create fundraiser advertisements, as well as access to various campus organizations that may support our fundraising events. Our most important goal is to support our community partner and their sustainable relationship building with farmworker communities. Our fundraising efforts will provide the Fellsmere community with the tools that they currently need and will use in the future. We will also be providing labor within the Fellsmere community garden and helping with the upkeep of the plots, a service that FWAF has asked YAYA and our Global class to provide. Through this project, we hope to help YAYA strengthen their established relationship with the Fellsmere community, and that through our collaborative efforts, we will create a sustainable relationship with our community partner.

Project Timeline:

· February 21: First Group Meeting

· March 15: Third Group Meeting

· March 16-30: Fundraising for YAYA Event

· March 31: Participate in YAYA’s Community Garden Project

8 am Depart Orlando from NFWM office

10 am Arrive To Fellsmere

10:15 am Welcome, introductions and instructions

10:45 am Gardening

1:00 pm Lunch/ short soccer game

2:00 pm Gardening

4:30 pm Debrief

5:15 pm Dinner

6:00 pm Depart Fellsmere

8:00 pm Arrive to Orlando at NFWM Office

• Date TBD: Debriefing meeting

Works Cited

"About Service-Learning - UCF Experiential Learning." Experiential Learning. University of Central Florida. Web. 23 Feb. 2012.

Desai, Manisha. "Transnational Solidarity: Women's Agency, Structural Adjustment, and Globalization." Women's Activism and Globalization: Linking Local Struggles and Transnational Politics. By Nancy A. Naples and Manisha Desai. New York: Routledge, 2002. 15-33. Print.

Minh-Ha, Trihn. Woman, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism. Bloomington [u.a.: Indiana Univ., 1989. Print.

“Two Years After the Events…” La Via Campesina: International Peasant’s Movement. La Via Campesina International Peasant’s Voice. 12 January 2012. Web. 23 February 2012.

"What Is Global Citizenship?" GlobalPACT.org. Global Pact. Web. 23 Feb. 2012.

Green Card Stories

Service Learning #1

Gracen Kovacik

WST 4415

February 29, 2012

Green Card Stories

For my first Campus Engagement activity I went to Rollins College to see a Panel discussion on immigration. The main speaker, Saundra Amrhein, is a journalist in Tampa, Florida. She was there to discuss her recent book, Green Card Stories, which tells stories of many different people from all different countries and their struggles to immigrate to America.

The first two speakers were Dr. Claire Strom and Dr. Julian Chambliss. They gave us a brief background history on different events regarding immigration. One main thing that they spoke about I found to be very interesting. On March 25, 1911 the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory caught fire from a match or cigarette in a scrap bin. The factory workers, mainly young immigrant women from Italy, were trapped in the building because their employers chained the doors shut to prevent theft or breaks. Many women died from smoke inhalation and some even jumped to their deaths. A total of 146 people died during the fire, the 4^th highest death rate in an industrial accident in United States history. Because of this incident, many safety standards were put in place to make sure something like this wouldn’t happen again. This story made a huge impact to me because although this horrible thing happened, something positive came from it. Even to this day there are bad things happening everywhere, but it gives me hope we will learn from our mistakes.

The second set of speakers was Dr. Julia Maskivker and Shanti Chandeesingh. Unfortunately, this is where I believe the evening took a negative turn. They spoke about immigration laws and the legal issues many immigrants suffer from. Understandably she was speaking from a sympathetic standpoint, being at this sort of panel it only makes sense, but I felt the information was very biased. Not only did the woman make controversial statements, but there was no sort of rebuttal offered. I feel like we are owed the facts when attending a panel put on by a university, and I do not feel like I got that from this particular speaker. In one part of her speech she said that us, as privileged Americans, should want to reach out and help those not as privileged. In my opinion we should try to help whenever possible, but I do not think that we should help because we are privileged Americans, I think that sounds very condescending and presumptuous on our parts to think they would even want our help.

The final speaker and author of the book did a quick summary of what her book was about. After her summary she then told us stories of 12 different people in the book. Some of the stories were very touching, while others lacked any real depth. I hate to be so negative about the speaker, but it was really very boring. She concluded with a quick round of questions.

I was hoping to come away from the speaker with knowledge I did not have before and unfortunately I was left wanting more. I did thoroughly enjoy the first pair to present, and would go to something put on by them again. However; I feel like I have read Green Card stories without actually ever reading it. I am glad that I attended though, I enjoyed hearing different perspectives even if they did raise a red flag or two.

Word Count: 562

Service Learning Proposal

Date: 2/23/12

Gracen Kovacik

WST 4015 Service Learning Proposal

Mission Statement: To engage in local-to-global activism by supporting sustainable relationship-building alongside members of the farm working community, the Youth and Young Adult Network of the National Farm Worker Ministry (YAYA), and La Via Campesina. Through communication and cooperation we will strive to work with our community partners towards the shared aim of agricultural justice. Furthermore, we intend to make connections from the local farmworker community to the global food sustainability movement.

Organizational Structure:

Task-based committees Hold members accountable to completion of assigned tasks Maintain effective communication with group members and community partners Committee Chairperson: liaison for committee Meeting facilitator Ensure meetings run smoothly and in a timely matter. Hold meetings with Committee Chairpersons Co-liaisons Communicate with community partners Attend YAYA meetings Secretary Record keeping Attendance Ethics Committee Ensure mindful enacting of project Oversee three strike policy Failure to complete task or attend a designated event results in one strike First and second strikes result in voting restrictions Three strikes result in a meeting with the Ethics Committee and Professor Tweed to discuss the member’s role and future participation in the project By conceptualizing the issues faced by farmworkers as systemically correlated with the adverse effects of globalization, we are modeling ourselves from the Network of Maquila Workers Rights in Central America discussed by Nancy A. Naples, as Maquila workers also face oppression in the workforce based on flawed neoliberal policies (273). In this vein, our group is democratically structured and focuses on working with, rather than for our community. In the spirit of feminist NGOs that have come before us, we endeavor to work as professionals within a committed network of organizers, activists, and farmworkers to prioritize an ethic of communal involvement and service. We have chosen a model that stresses personal accountability, which is imperative to success in any cooperative situation, and we are organizing by committees with leadership positions to prioritize personal strengths, but avoid stringent hierarchy.

Our group’s effectiveness shall be assessed through measures of active participation, thoughtful communication, and shared aims of members, which work together to create group cohesion. We will also critically assess our effectiveness by considering how well we work in solidarity with our community partners and demonstrate feminist organizing as exemplified in course materials.

Community Partner/Global Theme:

We propose to address the larger systemic issues of the treatment and unfair conditions of farm workers, focusing on women farm workers. We know that “women produce 70% of the food on earth but they are marginalized and oppressed by neoliberalism and patriarchy” (What Is 1). These systems of oppression often deny peasants and food producers basic and equal access to the food they produce. As the price of food increases and food is scarcer, women become malnourished, “as they eat last after providing for their children and family members” (Desai 21). One possible way of addressing this issue is to “produce food for local consumption” (Desai 24). To lay a foundation for both environmental and production sustainability, it is crucial that the community eats the food it grows. Local production and consumption can also indirectly address situations of “unsustainable exploitation of workers,” who are denied not only equal access to food but also other resources, such as safe housing and acceptable working conditions (Two Years 1). By establishing themselves as producers of their own food and giving value and recognition to both the unpaid and poorly paid labor that they do, farmworkers can pave the way for larger systemic and institutional change in regard to equal access and fair treatment.

Our local issue relates to lack of resources and tools available to migrant farmworkers. We will take steps toward providing resources and tools to them by working with YAYA on a community garden project, garden tool donation and long-sleeve t-shirt drive. We may engage our global partner, La Via Campesina, in our donation drive. Throughout this project, weekly email with the La Via Campesina will clarify how our progress works in accord with the organization’s needs.

(Relation to Goals and Objectives for Course)

Project Proposal

We plan to work with YAYA on their various events, specifically during Farmworker Awareness Week.

Through working together actively and effectively as a group, we plan to tackle this service learning project by breaking up into task-based groups that address specific issues in a focused manner. We assigned people to writing jobs based on personal preference and encouraged individuals to ask for opinions and constructive criticism, ensuring that tasks were assigned efficiently and assistance could be offered communally as needed. We are using our communication tools such as social media and email to make decisions and gain feedback, ensuring total inclusion. To mobilize beyond the classroom, we will encourage members to facilitate participation from members of their organizations and jobs. Educating as many people in the general community to the needs of the farmworkers of Fellsmere will encourage more volunteering, ensuring a sustainable relationship with the farmworker community with which we are working. For advertising, members will contact media outlets, give out fliers, and tell those from nearby businesses to donate funds, long sleeve shirts, and gardening tools to the community.

Building on our community partner YAYA’s existing relationship with the farmworker community, we intend to learn the most effective way of utilizing our local resources in order to maximize our outreach. Through this bond, we aspire to grow as individuals, as well as develop building blocks for better understanding of global and transnational feminist issues.

I personally believe that this should be effective as a service learning project not only because it will contribute to our community and the communities around us, but it will also bring light to a group of people that may not have been acknowledged before. As Trinh Minh-ha discusses in chapter II of “Woman, Native, Other” we, as anthropologists, attempt to understand, classify, and change a community of people that we do not fully understand. “Omnipresent even in his absence being, he has invaded homes of the wise and left his rottenness in every piece of land he sets foot on.” (Minh-ha, 49) By doing this project we will not bring knowledge to them and try to change their ways, but instead try to change our ways and attitudes towards them. If, after our project, they learn something for us then the most will be accomplished, but bringing knowledge to our community is a main personal goal of mine. Hopefully by bringing out communities together and working as a whole we can better something in the process.

Project Timeline:

February 22: Initial contact with Lariza Garzon of YAYA to confirm partnership February 24: Contact Global Partner March 1: In-class presentation by YAYA The historical events that have led to the current oppressive conditions of the agricultural industry Solidarity (sustainable relationship), privilege, power dynamics, etc. March 10: Fundraising Event March 17: Fundraising Event March 31: Participate in YAYA’s Community Garden Project8 am Depart Orlando from NFWM office 10 am Arrive To Fellsmere 10:15 am Welcome, introductions and instructions 10:45 am Gardening begins! 1:00 pm Lunch (vegetarian options available)/ short soccer game 2:00 pm Back to gardening! 4:30 pm Debrief 5:15 pm Dinner 6:00 pm Depart Fellsmere 8:00 pm Arrive to Orlando at NFWM Office Date TBD: Debriefing meeting

Works Cited

Desai, Manisha. "Transnational Solidarity: Women's Agency, Structural Adjustment, and Globalization." Women's Activism and Globalization: Linking Local Struggles and Transnational Politics. By Nancy A. Naples and Manisha Desai. New York: Routledge, 2002. 15-33. Print.

Naples, Nancy A. "The Challenges and Possibilities of Transnational Feminist Praxis." Women's Activism and Globalization: Linking Local Struggles and Transnational Politics. By Nancy A. Naples and Manisha Desai. New York: Routledge, 2002. 267-81. Print.

“Two Years After the Events…” La Via Campesina: International Peasant’s Movement. La Via Campesina International Peasant’s Voice. 12 January 2012. Web. 23 February 2012.

“What is La Via Campesina?” La Via Campesina: International Peasant’s Movement. La Via Campesina International Peasant’s Voice. 9 February 2011. Web. 23 February 2012.